Yoga is viewed in the Vedanta tradition as the path which seeks to unite one’s own soul with Atman (the “True Self,” which is equated with the essential, ultimate, eternal, unchanging, nature of the universe).
Most of the Yogas other than Hatha are mostly meditative and more directly aimed at Yoga as end-goal and “union.”
An Overview:
• Jnana Yoga: Union acquired through knowledge. Jnana Yoga is the path of spiritual wisdom and knowledge, in which the intellect penetrates the veils of ignorance that prevent man from seeing his True Self (Atman). The disciplines of this path are those of study and meditation. Jnana Yoga may be considered the practical application of Advaita Vedanta.
• Bhakti Yoga: Union acquired through love and devotion. The most popular Yoga of Indian masses is Bhakti. This is the Yoga of strongly-focused love, devotion and worship, at its finest in love of the One. Its disciplines are those of rites and the singing of songs of praise (called Bhajan or Kirtan).
• Karma Yoga: Union acquired through action and service. Karma Yoga is the path dedicated work, selfless action and service, without any concern for the “fruits” of action.
• Mantra Yoga: Union acquired through voice and sound. The practice of Mantra Yoga influences consciousness through repeating (or chanting) certain syllables, words or phrases. A form of Mantra Yoga is the Transcendental Meditation, which is widely practiced in the West. Rhytmic repetition of mantras is called japa. The most common, highly-regarded mantras are ‘OM’ and ‘OM MANE PADME HUM’.
• Yantra Yoga: Union acquired through vision and form. Yantra Yoga employs sight and form. The visualization may be with the inner eye. A yantra is a design with power to influence consciousness; it is generally a two- or three-dimensional geometric composition, but it can be an objective picture, an inner visualization, or even the design of a temple.
• Laya and Kundalini Yoga: Union acquired through arousal of latent psychic nerve-force. These combine many of the techniques of Hatha Yoga, especially prolonged breath suspension and a stable posture, with intense meditative concentration, so as to awaken the psychic nerve-force latent in the body, symbolized as serpent power (Kundalini), which is coiled below the base of the spine. The force is taken up the spine, passing through several power centers (chakras), until it reaches a chakra in the crown of the head, when intuitive enlightenment (Samadhi) is triggered. The disciplines are severe, best practiced under the guidance of a master teacher or guru.
• Tantric Yoga: Union acquired through the harnessing of sexual energy. Tantric techniques are applied to distinguish psycho/physiological systems. The control of the sexual energies has a prominent part and the union of male and female plays a ritualistic role. Tantric Yoga closely guards its teachings and techniques, being the most secret of all the yogas.
• Hatha Yoga: Union acquired through bodily mastery (particularly the breath); central to all Hatha Yoga disciplines is the regulation of breath, the harmonizing of its positive (sun) and negative (moon) or male and female currents. Hatha Yoga is the most widely practiced yoga in the West, and its best-known feature is asana (poses). Hatha yoga has practical benefits to the health of the nervous system, glands, and vital organs. It’s often a predecessor to (and purifying preparation for) Raja Yoga, which is work upon consciousness itself. Hatha Yoga is the most practical of yogas, working upon the physical body, purifying it, and through the body upon the mind. It’s the Yoga of physical health and well-being.
• Raja Yoga: Union acquired through mastery over the mind. Its principal text is the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. Raja Yoga is considered royal because the Yogi who practices this yoga regularly becomes ruler over his mind. Raja Yoga works upon the mind, refining and perfecting it, and then through the mind upon the body. It’s the Yoga of consciousness, considered by most, the highest form of Yoga.
Everyday more and more individuals are finding themselves suffering with ailments related to a weakening of the bones. The ageing process is typically blamed for this loss of bone mass and density, but truthfully, severe bone weakness (or deterioration) is not a normal side effect of growing older. This is a relatively new problem that has only been an issue in recent years, and without a doubt, our current lifestyle is to blame. Postmenopausal women are most prone to bone loss, but this now this problem is starting to extend to younger women and even men. The bones are like anything else in the body and must be used (use it or lose it) in order to remain strong and durable. If you are concerned about weakening of the bones (either now or in the future) and are looking to boost your bone mass and density resulting in stronger bones, then yoga might just be the solution for you.
Bone strength is often taken for granted by even the most health conscious individuals. We tend to give a lot of consideration to the health and condition of the muscles, skin, brain and even blood, but the bones and their health is commonly neglected. Our bones function as the body’s silent foundation and they deserve to be properly maintained. Bones don’t require a whole lot of attention; they just need to be exercised regularly, on a daily basis.
When we consider exercising, our motive is usually to lose weight or build muscle; but the bones are also greatly affected (in a positive manner) during any good exercise session. The reason weight bearing exercises stimulate increased bone mass and density is because the muscles pull against the bones during the workout. The bones then respond to this pressure and stress by building themselves up. The stronger the muscles become, the more pressure they put on the bones.
Activities that make the body work against the forces of gravity will increase bone mass and density naturally, but not all types of weight bearing activities are created equal. A large number of them (including jogging, running, step-aerobics, gymnastics, etc.) put a great deal of wear and tear on the delicate cartilage and connective tissue of the joints. Because of this excessive stress, this makes these exercises less than ideal for the long term, especially among the aging. Yoga is a perfect example of a weight bearing exercise that efficiently and effectively builds up density and mass in the bones while increasing muscle strength. And…it does this without putting undue stress on the joints, making it the perfect continual physical practice for maintaining movement and agility. Additionally, yoga strengthens the hips, wrists and spine; the bone structures which are the most prone to problems than any other.
Backbends are known to strengthen and support the spine while seated poses safely open up and work the hips like the other asanas (poses). The Cobra Pose counteracts the forward hunch (Osteoporosis) that many individuals with bone loss suffer and also improves overall posture. Standing poses engage the hip bones, putting a great deal of weight on them, but in a gentle and effective manner and Downward Facing Dog puts weight on the upper spine and the wrists, strengthening these delicate bone structures naturally, building them up over time.
Practicing yoga as part of your daily routine is a simple, thorough and easy way to maintain the optimal bone health, and the best part is that it only requires about 30 minutes a day so it should pose no problem when integrating it into your busy schedule. So, there really are no reasons not to incorporate this healthy practice into your everyday life, only excuses.
Soon after we begin to practice yoga we find it offers us many tools and techniques for managing anxiety. One particular yogic technique comes from Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras and it is called “pratipaksha.” One translation of Sutra 1.33…
“When presented with disquieting thoughts or feelings,
cultivate an opposite (positive), elevated attitude.
This is Pratipaksha Bhavana.”
Literally millions of Americans end up in therapy or on antidepressants, usually leaving them less aware of their negativities but also less aware of life in general. They are still out of balance, still aggravated and/or suffering, and now they may be doped up as well. They might not feel their inner pain as acutely, but it is still there, although it’s hidden or covered up.
Pratipaksha is the practice of becoming fully aware of harmful or injurious thoughts and then choosing healthier, more uplifting thoughts as an alternative. In today’s contemporary jargon this is also known as choosing a “downstream thought”, one that creates happiness within you, instead of an “upstream thought” that causes pain, guilt, stress or anxiety. Remember the popular children’s rhyme; “Row, row, row your boat gently down the stream?”
Practicing pratipaksha may be as simple as noticing the beauty of rainbow after a thunderstorm, instead of fretting about that spouting that still needs to be unclogged. In other words, you view the glass as being half-full instead of half-empty.
“The opposite of hate is not love. The opposite of hate is non-hate. Letting go, releasing of that hate. Then, love naturally arises.”
This simple but powerful technique has a profoundly healing effect on Yoga students and practitioners, especially those who may be struggling with self-defeating thoughts and beliefs that create negative or unsettling feelings. As we continue to gently steer our minds away from repetitive thoughts that create anxious feelings and instead focus our minds on more positive, realistic and uplifting thoughts, we are literally reprogramming the neurotransmitters in our brains. The neuroplasticity (capacity to develop new neuronal connections) of our brains allows us to permanently change our thinking patterns when we practice pratipaksha with earnest awareness and effort. Whenever we change our negative thought patterns and beliefs about both ourselves and the world at large, our behaviors will automatically change, and in time, this will change our karma.
The practice of pratipaksha is not simply about substituting a positive thought for the opposite negative thought or belief, it is also about choosing life-affirming thoughts that soothe, nourish and uplift. It’s a change in the direction your thinking takes and you must believe the thought is true or is able to become true, it’s also important that find the thought nourishing. If the upstream thought that you choose to empower does not soothe your spirit or if your mind has doubts, your practice will not be as effective.
Practicing pratipaksha isn’t rocket science, it’s easy, simple to comprehend and anyone can do it, but first they must put forth some effort and give it a try. Next time you feel anxious or unsettled, gently pull your attention away from the disquieting thoughts and direct your mind towards positive (or opposite) thoughts, even if it is something as simple as appreciating the radiant light of that colorful rainbow.
The term “Samskara” is a Sanskrit word that literally means “impression” and this essentially refers to an individual’s habitual way of thinking, believing and acting. All actions, enjoyments, sorrows and experiences in general leave their mark in the subconscious and unconscious mind in the form of subtle impressions or residual potencies.
The ways we tend to act in our relationships and in the world are largely determined by impressions and our past is preserved, to the minutest detail, in the chitta (mind stuff), not the slightest bit is ever lost. The revival of samskaras induces smriti (memory). Memory cannot exist without samskaras.
In most cases our samskaras are based on our personal experiences and/or cultural backgrounds. These impressions (thoughts and beliefs) can also be influenced by the health of our brain chemistry. For example, when we suffer from depression or anxiety, our beliefs about what is possible or impossible for us will be clouded, a sense of hopelessness and powerlessness may predominate as a result of low levels of serotonin and dopamine.
The internal freedom for self-realization that regular yoga practice offers is founded on the ability to reveal and bring to conscious attention our thought patterns, beliefs and the actions that arise from those samskaras. Yogic breathing techniques and asana (postures) are very effective tools for easing anxiety, depression and balancing neurotransmitter signals in the brain. With a bit of patience and a committed yoga practice, a yoga student will be able to quickly identify the samskaras and resulting actions that continue to undermine their ability to be physically, mentally and emotionally healthy.
Whenever a yoga practitioner identifies (or recognizes) their obscure and/or inhibiting samskaras, they will then be free to choose more life enhancing alternatives. All too often, we limit our own potential by assuming that we are not capable or skilled enough to create the life we dream of. Although some of these self-limiting thoughts may have some degree of truth to them, our ability to achieve the goals we’ve set is often far greater than we may ever imagined. When we start to gently direct our thinking along more positive lines, we will begin to truly realize that more is possible in our lives, and this will prompt us to act accordingly.
Understanding the concept of samskaras will be of great value when it comes to practicing “witnessing” of the various thoughts and emotions that inevitably arise during asana practice. According to traditional yogic philosophy, the most direct way to internal freedom is to witness these samskaras from a place of deep self-compassion and without unnecessarily identifying with them.
When unpleasant or painful emotions and restricting thoughts arise during a yoga session, strive to be more consciously aware, so that the credibility of you samskaras can be evaluated objectively. If there are negative thoughts or beliefs that are valid, some personal changes may be called for. For example; suppose you are a law student and you’ve failed the bar exam twice due to being unprepared, then studying harder for the exam would be in order.
However, on the other hand, subscribing to the belief that you’re is inherently too unintelligent to pass the bar, even after getting your degree from law school is clearly unrealistic. As in most cases, this sort of limiting samskara is best invalidated in the light of your self-compassion, and then substituted with a more encouraging and accurate assessment of your own intelligence.
Meditation (known as Dhyana in Sanskrit) was part of ancient yoga and remains one of the most essential features of yoga practice. Meditation is basically the most direct way to connect to supreme or essential “Self” (Atman) through developing deeper consciousness. And in addition to its spiritual significance, meditation and yoga are practiced together to establish and maintain optimal health and wellness.
In these modern times the practice of yoga training has become more estranged from meditation than in the past, with the primary focus often being on asana (poses), but nonetheless meditation still remains crucial to even the most fundamental understanding of the science of yoga. With the widespread attraction to yoga from today’s contemporary students, the question frequently arises as to whether meditation is really necessary to appreciate the full scope of what yoga practice has to offer.
This question will easily be answered once the student realizes that yoga and meditation are bound together as intimately as breathing and air. It is futile to attempt to practice one without the other. The very question of whether meditation is necessary to perform yoga properly indicates a general lack of understanding in regard to both subjects.
Yoga is meditation. It doesn’t really matter whether it’s fast or slow, hot or cold; all forms of yoga practice rely on the basic principles of meditation to occur. Yoga practice is a form of exercise as well, but it is exercise at its most highly evolved level, meaning yogic exercise is, in itself, a form of meditation.
Meditation brings consciousness to every action taken. In order to correctly perform yoga asana the mind needs to be active along with the body. This consciousness in action takes the form of counting breaths, holding poses, correcting alignment and smoothly sequencing from one position to the next. This activity takes place in accordance with a deliberate “mindfulness” that is the true essence of every yogic session.
Meditation recognizes that the mind is supervising this physical activity, but there is much more that the mind can be occupied with. The addition of Mantras, Mudras, introspective thoughts and even visualization will more fully occupy the mind so that the energies expended by the body are all working toward a single constructive purpose, to bring complete mindfulness and total awareness into every action.
Once these concepts are fully grasped it it becomes apparent that for people who chose to practice asana, meditation is absolutely required. Meditation cannot be some abstract idea that is separate from the whole of yogic science; meditation in fact, is the beginning and end of all yogic methods and techniques.
If you are among those who are confused (or even disturbed) by the concept of meditation, it may be helpful to think of it in a more straightforward manner. So consider this; meditation can be looked upon as a means of encouraging and hastening the attainment of the state of enlightenment through mental concentration, clarity of mind and self improvement.
Additionally, meditation is something that returns us to being in the present moment. It is a deep connection, through a heightened awareness of oneself, in relationship with the things and people all around. Meditation and yoga combined are known to be helpful in recovering from breathing problems, boosting the immune system, reducing cholesterol levels and increasing energy and stamina, resulting in an improvement of overall health and an enhanced sense of connection to the Divine Spirit within.
UCLA’s Department of Psychiatry and Bio-behavioral Sciences conducted a recent study that demonstrated once again that even relatively short meditations, when practiced consistently, have numerous significant and positive effects on both the body and the mind. This particular study evaluated 49 caregivers who were tending to patients with Alzheimer’s and various other forms of dementia. Nearly 50% of the caregivers in this study experience clinical depression, plus they are also twice as likely as the general population to report elevated levels of stress.
This research study divided the caregivers (ranging in ages from 45 to 91) into two groups: one that practiced a 12-minute meditation daily for 8 weeks, and one that spent 12 minutes each day for 8 weeks relaxing while listening to a musical relaxation CD.
The meditation group showed several benefits over the group that listened to the music:
• Significantly lower levels of depressive symptoms
• Improvements in reported mental health
• Improvements in cognitive functioning
• Increased telomerase activity in the blood (an indication of decreased cellular aging)
• Significant decreases in blood proteins associated with inflammation.
Think about it, all of these benefits from only 12 minutes of meditation a day!
This specific study examined a chanting meditation practice called Kirtan Kriya, but many other, prior studies on meditation have shown similar body-mind benefits, even with a variety of meditations. In short, most any meditation practice you do for at least 10 minutes or more daily is likely to achieve similar results to these.
The meditation that follows (Simple Counting) has been used in various other studies related to meditation’s “relaxation response.” But remember, the most effective meditation practice is one you feel comfortable with and will actually practice. Hundreds (perhaps thousands) of meditation techniques exist and are easily found on the web. Experiment and find the one that is best fit for you.
A Simple Counting Meditation:
• Sit comfortably, with your spine erect and imagine the crown of your head floating up
to the ceiling.
• Allow your eyes to close, and notice your breath – without intentionally trying to
change it. Bring your attention to the warmth and coolness of the breath
at the tip of your nostrils.
• After 2 to 3 minutes (or whenever you feel you are ready) start counting each exhalation.
For example, when you exhale the first time, mentally count “one.” The next time you exhale, count “two.” Keep counting silently to yourself, until you get to ten. After you reach ten, then start over again from “one.”
• You’ll know when your mind has wandered because you’ll lose count or notice that you’re thinking about something else. When that happens, (and it will!) do your best not to get frustrated. Instead, simply start over again by counting from “one.” Without judgment or criticism, notice how often you need to restart counting. The goal isn’t necessarily to get to 10, but to keep refocusing whenever you catch your mind wandering.
• Continue this meditation for at least 10 minutes, the longer the better depending on your time restraints.
Keep in mind that there’s no need to worry about “being good” at mediation; just by the act of meditating you are inherently good at it no matter how often your mind wanders as long as you keep bringing it back.
What is a retreat? It’s a quiet or secluded place where you can rest and relax.
What are a YOGA retreats: Quiet and secluded places where you can rest, relax, eat healthy, gain knowledge, insights, personal strength and PRACTICE YOGA.
Is your daily routine getting you down? Have you ever wondered what might happen to you and to your life if you would just make the time to retreat to a place where you’re offered delicious, nutritious food and someone leads you in daily yoga and meditation practice? Where you’re in the company of other like-minded/like-hearted seekers of truth, love and beauty? Once you’re on a yoga retreat (or yoga holiday, as they’re sometimes called) all your regular daily obstacles will be gone and your day to day hassles will be put on hold, while you’re hooked up to a program that offers solutions for you when you return, so that your “normal” daily routine will have some pizzazz, a new energy and a new and refreshing feel. You’ll return rejuvenated and recharged and with a whole new attitude, plus you’ll be feeling energy you haven’t felt since you were a kid.
Most yoga retreats take place in very special (and secluded) corners of the world (like National Parks, remote beach areas, or camps in the mountains), special places where time seems to slow down, providing a new and insightful perspective. If you’ve never had the opportunity to participate in a yoga retreat (or even if you have) and/or you feel your practice could use a bit more spark, your adventure is not as far away as you might imagine, why put it off, with a little planning you can make it happen! This unique type of getaway tends to bring like-minded/like-hearted seekers of truth, love and beauty together and creates a fertile ground for awakening the miracle that is you. A yoga retreat will affect you physically, mentally, emotionally and spiritually, basically producing a profound and positive effect on your entire being.
Retreats provide a break from your normal routines and time to focus on releasing, discovering and applying new found tools. Retreats that are well constructed allow for personal attention given to your own specific areas of need. This personal attention gives you a tool box filled with plenty of options. There is nothing more inspiring then returning from an experience empowered with new found strength. The power gained on a yoga retreat continues to help you as you return to your regular daily life with a new set of tools to release pain, regain strength, and find deep rest and peace plus you’ll be able find and open doors to possibilities where there were just blank walls before.
There are times on a Yoga retreat when adventurous activities like hiking, biking, swimming, kayaking, etc. are offered and other times when silence is to be observed while doing cooperative communal service. There will be new dietary experiences to taste and enjoy, learning to practice “Ahimsa” (non-injury to others) while savoring plant based foods – both raw and cooked. There may be a time for cleansing/detox and giving the body a break from un-healthy habits.
On some retreats you’ll be surrounded by beautiful settings, while on others you may focus on sensual pleasures like massage, energetic healing or bodywork. A Yoga retreat may involve early morning meditation to stop the constant chatter of the mind. Also, there’s Vipassana (insight meditation) for those interested in self-reflection or looking for a more spiritual experience. There may be instruction which will help you learn Pranayama and other advanced breathing methods.
What kind of people go on Yoga retreats?
∙ Some are young; others are elderly (and all in between).
∙ Some are loose and flexible, while others are a stiff as a board.
∙ Some may be exhausted or at a crossroads in their life.
∙ Some simply want a chance to get away from it all.
∙ Others want to take care of just themselves for a change.
Here are a few of the most common reasons people go on a yoga retreat:
∙ Deepening an existing practice
∙ Restarting a practice that was dropped
∙ Testing the waters (if you’re new to Yoga)
∙ Finding a new direction in life
∙ Meeting new, exciting people
When you leave your daily routine and go for a yoga retreat, you set the stage for:
∙ Stress and pain relief
∙ Deep Rest
∙ Increased knowledge and understanding
∙ Greater appreciation for all things
∙ Diet improvement with delicious healthy food
Tip: Knowing exactly what kind of experience you’re looking for before signing up will help ensure you pick the retreat perfect for your needs. Selecting retreat with a time frame suited to your schedule is also important; whether it’s a day retreat, a few days, a week, or even longer. And, perhaps most importantly, it is always recommended that the retreat you select is lead by certified yoga instructors who are prepared to work with you at your skill level. Spending intimate time with an experienced yoga teacher is one of the most potent opportunities for change available today; being a mixture of instruction and inspiration, it will guide you toward being a more authentic and powerful human being.
In conclusion: Yoga retreats are the latest trend in yoga where you will be able to gain many profound benefits beyond those found when participating in a few hours of yoga sessions or classes. Those who attend such retreats and are guided by a yoga master, report experiencing a silent, inward revolution; one that produces a conscious growth and outward “evolution” of their body and mind. Contrary to the general belief that yoga is limited to an individualistic practice, a yoga retreat allows you the opportunity to explore the social aspect of yoga. Plus, the closeness to nature and having the time and opportunity to re-examine your motivations, goals, and beliefs helps you to become re-united with yourself and the awesome person you really are, both when you’re alone and in the company of others.
• Laya and Kundalini Yoga: Union acquired through arousal of latent psychic nerve-force. These combine many of the techniques of Hatha Yoga, especially prolonged breath suspension and a stable posture, with intense meditative concentration, so as to awaken the psychic nerve-force latent in the body, symbolized as serpent power (Kundalini), which is coiled below the base of the spine. The force is taken up the spine, passing through several power centers (chakras), until it reaches a chakra in the crown of the head, when intuitive enlightenment (Samadhi) is triggered. The disciplines are severe, best practiced under the guidance of a master teacher or guru.
The ways we tend to act in our relationships and in the world are largely determined by impressions and our past is preserved, to the minutest detail, in the chitta (mind stuff), not the slightest bit is ever lost. The revival of samskaras induces smriti (memory). Memory cannot exist without samskaras.